![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/cover.png\")
\n1. Introduction<\/h3>\n
Welcome to the official documentation for the GRIDNET OS State-Less Channels sub-system and its associated Off-The-Chain Payment API. This document provides UI dApp developers with the necessary understanding and technical guidance to leverage this powerful mechanism for enabling fast, cost-effective, and scalable value transfer and incentivization within their decentralized applications.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/architecture.png\")
<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/payment-flow.png\")
<\/p>\n
GRIDNET OS provides a robust platform for executing decentralized logic and managing state through its Decentralized State Machine (DSM). However, like all blockchain-based systems, direct on-chain transactions have inherent limitations that can hinder certain types of applications:<\/p>\n
The number of transactions per second (TPS) that can be processed directly on the main chain is finite. High-frequency operations can quickly saturate the network’s capacity.<\/li>\n
Every transaction committed to the DSM consumes resources (ERG) for processing and storage. While designed to be efficient, on-chain operations can become prohibitively expensive for very small or frequent value exchanges (micropayments).<\/li>\n
On-chain transactions require consensus and block finality, introducing latency. Real-time interactions demanding immediate confirmation or reward cannot solely rely on the main chain’s settlement time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
To overcome these challenges and unlock a wider range of possibilities for UI dApps, GRIDNET OS implements a sophisticated off-chain solution: the State-Less Channels system. This system is crucial for applications involving:<\/p>\n
Enabling tiny value transfers for services, content access, or rewards where on-chain fees would be disproportionately high.<\/li>\n
Efficiently rewarding peers for relaying data packets in real-time, essential for decentralized communication, storage, and services like the GRIDNET OS Web Proxy or WebRTC Swarms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/data-transmission.png\"){kind=spacer}
<\/p>\n
Instantly rewarding user actions within games (like the Snake dApp) or other interactive applications without waiting for block confirmations.
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/game-payments-1.png\")
<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/overview.png\")
<\/p>\n
The GRIDNET OS State-Less Channels system facilitates secure value transfer between parties without<\/em> requiring every individual transfer to be recorded directly on the main blockchain (the DSM).<\/p>\n The goal<\/em> is similar to layer-2 scaling solutions like Bitcoin’s Lightning Network \u2013 enabling faster, cheaper transactions off-chain. However, the underlying mechanics in GRIDNET OS are distinct. State-Less Channels do not rely on complex routed payment channels requiring intermediate node participation in the same way.<\/li>\n The system operates on the principle of<\/p>\n . These pools represent a store of value, initially funded via an on-chain sacrificial transaction and registered on the DSM. Value is then exchanged off-chain by securely revealing pre-images (hashes or “tokens”) derived from secrets associated with the pool’s dimensions (banks). Only the initial pool setup and the final “cashing out” of accumulated off-chain tokens require direct interaction with the DSM, significantly reducing on-chain load. The “State-Less” nature refers to the fact that complex channel state negotiation and management between peers are minimized compared to traditional state channels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n GRIDNET OS implements a unique approach to Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that fundamentally reimagines how distributed services can operate in a decentralized environment. Unlike traditional SOA implementations that rely on centralized service registries, orchestration, and payment systems, GRIDNET OS’ architecture distributes all aspects of service discovery, execution, and compensation across its peer-to-peer network.<\/p>\n Service-Oriented Architecture refers to a design pattern where applications are built from loosely coupled, independently deployable services that communicate through standardized interfaces. GRIDNET OS extends this concept by adding three critical dimensions:<\/p>\n The GRIDNET OS Decentralized Incentivized SOA consists of several interconnected components:<\/p>\n Independent nodes that offer computational resources, storage capacity, bandwidth, or specialized functionality to the network. These can include:<\/p>\n Any participant in the GRIDNET OS ecosystem that needs to utilize services. This could be:<\/p>\n Unlike traditional SOA with centralized registries, GRIDNET OS implements service discovery through:<\/p>\n This is where the State-Less Channels subsystem, as documented in this specification, plays a critical role. It provides:<\/p>\n Traditional SOA implementations typically rely on conventional payment systems or subscription models that operate out-of-band from the actual service calls. These systems face significant limitations in decentralized environments:<\/p>\n GRIDNET OS overcomes these limitations through its State-Less Channels system:<\/p>\n Each service interaction can be individually compensated with minimal overhead:<\/p>\n Payments occur simultaneously with service delivery, creating immediate economic feedback:<\/p>\n The amount of payment can be precisely calibrated to:<\/p>\n The Decentralized Incentivized SOA paradigm enables several key services within GRIDNET OS:<\/p>\n WebRTC Swarms<\/strong><\/p>\n Distributed Storage System<\/strong><\/p>\n Computational Markets<\/strong><\/p>\n GRIDNET OS’ Decentralized Incentivized SOA provides several key advantages:<\/p>\n The State-Less Channels system described in this documentation serves as the fundamental enabler of the Decentralized Incentivized SOA paradigm. By providing a mechanism for instant, trustless micropayments with minimal overhead, it creates the economic foundation upon which the entire service ecosystem operates.<\/p>\n Key aspects where State-Less Channels directly support the SOA paradigm:<\/p>\n Leveraging State-Less Channels via this API offers significant advantages:<\/p>\n Dramatically increases the potential volume of transactions\/rewards that can occur between users and services, far exceeding on-chain TPS limits.<\/li>\n Amortizes the cost of on-chain operations. Instead of paying ERG for every small transfer, costs are primarily associated with the initial Token Pool creation and the final cash-out transaction.<\/li>\n Off-chain token exchanges happen almost instantly between peers, ideal for real-time applications.<\/li>\n Individual off-chain transfers within a channel are not broadcast publicly across the DSM. Only the aggregated cash-out transaction is visible on-chain.<\/li>\n Builds upon the Sybil-proof mechanics detailed in [1], allowing for fair and secure rewarding of potentially unknown or numerous peers for minuscule actions without the overhead or security risks of individual on-chain micropayments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n This documentation is primarily intended for<\/p>\n building applications on the GRIDNET OS platform. It is particularly relevant for those whose dApps require:<\/p>\n Before diving into this documentation, developers should possess:<\/p>\n (DSM, IVR, DPT, VM Context, #GridScript basics).<\/li>\n , including classes, Promises, and async\/await.<\/li>\n , as interaction with the This section delves into the fundamental ideas and data structures that underpin the GRIDNET OS State-Less Channels system. Understanding these concepts is essential for effectively utilizing the Off-The-Chain Payment API.<\/p>\n While various blockchain platforms offer “state channels” for off-chain interactions, GRIDNET OS employs a<\/p>\n Minimize the need for direct, continuous state synchronization between peers<\/em> during the off-chain phase. The “state” is primarily represented by the pre-funded Token Pool registered on the DSM and the sequence of revealed hashes (Tokens). Peers exchange Transmission Tokens, which act as verifiable claims against the pool. The final state reconciliation happens on-chain only during the cash-out process. This approach simplifies peer interaction and potentially enhances privacy during the off-chain phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n The cornerstone of the State-Less Channels system is the<\/p>\n . It acts as a secure, on-chain registered escrow of value that enables off-chain payments.<\/p>\n A single-dimensional pool (a single hash chain) can only reliably serve one<\/em> off-chain payment stream at a time. If Peer A is paying Peer B using a dimension, Peer A cannot safely start paying Peer C using the same<\/em> dimension until Peer B has cashed out their received tokens on-chain. This creates a bottleneck. M-DTPs overcome this by providing multiple independent dimensions (Banks), allowing the pool owner to conduct simultaneous, independent off-chain payment streams with multiple different recipients using a single, pre-funded pool. This is crucial for scalability in scenarios like rewarding many data relays or game participants concurrently.<\/li>\n An M-DTP is typically created through a process involving:<\/p>\n The intended pool owner performs an on-chain transaction, effectively locking or “sacrificing” a specific amount of GBU\/GNC. The transaction receipt serves as proof of this committed value.<\/li>\n Using the sacrificial transaction receipt ID and desired parameters (number of dimensions, optionally value per token), the pool structure, including all internal hash chains, is generated off-chain<\/em>. This critical step requires the owner’s secret<\/p>\n and is usually performed securely by the GRIDNET Token mobile app via a QR Intent process.<\/li>\n The public<\/em> data of the generated M-DTP (including the final hash for each dimension, total value, owner ID, unique Pool ID, etc., but excluding<\/em> the MasterSeedHash) is then committed to the DSM.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n The registered M-DTP data is stored as a file (typically with a Key components of an M-DTP include its unique Token Pool ID, the Owner’s ID, the total value committed, the number of dimensions (Banks), the value assigned to each individual token (usually calculated automatically based on total value, dimensions, and dimension depth), and the array of Banks, each containing its final hash and current usage depth as known by the DSM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Each M-DTP is composed of one or more<\/p>\n , also referred to as<\/p>\n Each bank represents an independent, cryptographically generated hash chain.<\/li>\n All hashes (tokens) within a bank are derived deterministically from a unique dimension seed hash<\/em> (which is itself derived from the pool’s MasterSeedHash). This is achieved by repeatedly applying a cryptographic hash function (e.g., SHA256): The last<\/em> hash generated in the chain for a dimension ( The DSM maintains a record of how many tokens have been successfully cashed out from each bank. This ‘usage depth’ indicates the highest index ‘i’ for which A bank can be ‘Active’ (has unspent tokens) or ‘Depleted’ (its usage depth has reached the maximum depth of the dimension).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n In this system, the “tokens” exchanged off-chain are the actual hash values (preimages) from the hash chain within a specific bank.<\/li>\n To spend value, the pool owner reveals hashes in reverse order<\/em> of their generation. Revealing The value of each single token\/hash is uniform across all banks within a pool, determined during creation (e.g., 1 Atto, 1 GBU). The total value released is This is the high-entropy secret generated by the owner (typically via the mobile app) when creating the M-DTP. It is the only<\/em> secret required to derive all<\/em> dimension seed hashes and subsequently all<\/em> individual tokens (hashes) within the entire<\/em> pool.<\/li>\n A deterministic function (e.g., hashing the MasterSeedHash concatenated with the dimension index) is used to generate the starting Seed Hash for each bank’s independent hash chain.<\/li>\n The MasterSeedHash<\/p>\n by the pool owner. Its compromise allows an attacker to generate and potentially spend all remaining value in the pool. It should ideally reside only within a secure environment like the GRIDNET Token mobile app.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n While the hashes themselves represent the value, the<\/p>\n is the data structure used to communicate<\/em> the release of this value off-chain. It packages the necessary information for the recipient to verify the claim and eventually cash it out on-chain.<\/p>\n To provide proof of released value from a specific bank of a specific Token Pool, indicating the new state (usage depth) of that bank.<\/li>\n A TT ( Unauthenticated TTs rely purely on the hash chain mathematics and on-chain state tracking for security against double-spending by the recipient<\/em>. Authenticated TTs add a layer of non-repudiation and origin verification, crucial for certain applications or dispute resolution, and mandatory for “Bank Updates” (where the owner reveals hashes to their own<\/em> web-session to enable spending).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n The term<\/p>\n doesn’t represent a distinct, stored data structure in the same way as a Token Pool.<\/p>\n It refers to the cumulative<\/em> value represented by a sequence of off-chain Transmission Tokens exchanged since the last on-chain cash-out for a specific bank.<\/li>\n When cashing out, typically only the latest<\/em> Transmission Token received needs to be submitted to the DSM via the This is the process of converting the off-chain value represented by Transmission Tokens back into on-chain GBU\/GNC balance.<\/p>\n The recipient (or the The DSM node executing the transaction verifies the TT against the on-chain state of the corresponding M-DTP file:<\/p>\n If verification succeeds, the DSM updates the bank’s usage depth in the M-DTP file on DFS and credits the Executing the This JavaScript class serves as the primary high-level abstraction for UI dApp developers interacting with the off-chain payment system.<\/p>\n It encapsulates the logic for managing interaction with a single Token Pool, hiding complexities like direct BER encoding\/decoding or GridScript command formulation.<\/li>\n Each The direction is determined relative to the local user interacting via the UI dApp:<\/p>\n Represents a pool owned by another<\/em> party from which the local user receives<\/em> payments\/rewards (e.g., Snake game rewards). The dApp typically uses this to validate incoming TTs and initiate cash-outs.<\/li>\n Represents a pool owned by the local user<\/em> used to send<\/em> payments to others. The dApp uses this to generate and potentially deliver TTs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Understanding how the different parts of GRIDNET OS interact to enable State-Less Channels is key to building robust UI dApps. This section outlines the primary components involved and the typical flow of information and control between them.<\/p>\n Understanding how the different parts of GRIDNET OS interact to enable State-Less Channels is key to building robust UI dApps. This section outlines the primary components involved and the typical flow of information and control between them.<\/p>\n The State-Less Channels sub-system involves a collaboration between several distinct components operating at different levels:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ARCHITECTURE-API.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
Analogy to Lightning Network:<\/h3>\n
Core Idea: Secure Off-Chain Value Transfer Based on Pre-Funded Pools:<\/h3>\n
Multi-Dimensional Token Pools (M-DTPs)<\/h3>\n
1.3. Key Benefits<\/h3>\n
1.4. GRIDNET OS’ Decentralized Incentivized SOA Paradigm<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SOA.png\")
<\/p>\n1.4.1. Introduction to Service-Oriented Architecture in GRIDNET OS<\/h3>\n
\n
\nServices operate without central authorities or single points of failure<\/li>\n
\nAutomatic, fine-grained compensation for service providers<\/li>\n
\nGame-theoretical protection against network manipulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n1.4.2. Core Components of the Decentralized SOA<\/h3>\n
Service Providers<\/h3>\n
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Service Consumers<\/h3>\n
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Decentralized Service Registry<\/h3>\n
\n
State-Less Channels Incentivization Layer<\/h3>\n
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1.4.3. Incentivization Mechanism<\/h3>\n
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Micropayment-Based Service Economy<\/h3>\n
\n
Real-Time Incentives<\/h3>\n
\n
Proportional Compensation<\/h3>\n
\n
1.4.4. SOA Implementation Examples<\/h3>\n
Decentralized Web Proxy<\/h3>\n
\n
\nAccess to web content through decentralized routing<\/li>\n
\nNodes with internet connectivity willing to relay web requests<\/li>\n
\nTransmission Tokens issued per request or data volume<\/li>\n
\nCensorship resistance, privacy enhancement, load distribution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\nReal-time media streaming and communication<\/li>\n
\nNodes with sufficient bandwidth and network position<\/li>\n
\nContinuous micropayments based on relay quality and volume<\/li>\n
\nResilient communication, improved geographic distribution, automatic scaling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\nData persistence, backup, and retrieval<\/li>\n
\nNodes with available disk space<\/li>\n
\nPayments for storage duration and retrieval speed<\/li>\n
\nRedundancy without central planning, economic-driven availability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n Execution of computationally intensive tasks<\/li>\n
\nNodes with spare CPU\/GPU capacity<\/li>\n
\nPayment based on computational complexity and speed<\/li>\n
\nDistributed load, specialized hardware utilization, market-driven pricing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n1.4.5. Advantages Over Traditional SOA<\/h3>\n
Resilience and Redundancy<\/h3>\n
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Economic Efficiency<\/h3>\n
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Dynamic Scaling<\/h3>\n
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Trustless Operation<\/h3>\n
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1.4.6. Relation to State-Less Channels<\/h3>\n
\n
\n The M-DTP structure with multiple banks allows service consumers to simultaneously incentivize multiple service providers using a single token pool<\/li>\n
\n Services can verify payment validity immediately without on-chain confirmation<\/li>\n
\n The PA1, PA2, and PA3 protocols ensure that incentives flow correctly through service chains<\/li>\n
\n Off-chain payments enable high-frequency service invocations without blockchain congestion<\/li>\n
\n Mathematical design prevents service providers from gaming the system through identity multiplication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
Scalability & Throughput:<\/h3>\n
Reduced Transaction Costs:<\/h3>\n
Instantaneous (Off-Chain) Transactions:<\/h3>\n
Enhanced Privacy:<\/h3>\n
Sybil-Proof Incentivization:<\/h3>\n
1.5. Target Audience<\/h3>\n
UI dApp developers<\/h3>\n
\n
1.6. Prerequisites<\/h3>\n
\n
\nGRIDNET OS concepts<\/h3>\n
\nJavaScript (ES6+)<\/h3>\n
\nevent-driven programming paradigms<\/h3>\n
CVMContext<\/code> and the State-Less Channels Manager is heavily reliant on event listeners and callbacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n2. Core Concepts<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/security-model.png\")
<\/p>\n2.1. State-Less vs. State-Full Channels (Brief Comparison)<\/h3>\n
State-Less Channel<\/h3>\n
\n
\nTypically require participants to maintain and constantly synchronize complex channel states (balances, commitments) directly with each other. Closing the channel often involves submitting the final agreed-upon state.<\/li>\nGRIDNET OS State-Less Channels:<\/h3>\n
2.2. Multi-Dimensional Token Pools (M-DTPs): The Foundation
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/token-pool.png\")
<\/h3>\nMulti-Dimensional Token Pool (M-DTP)<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/master-seed-hash.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
Rationale for Multi-Dimensionality:<\/h3>\n
Creation:<\/h3>\n
\n
Sacrificial Transaction:<\/h3>\n
Off-Chain Generation:<\/h3>\n
MasterSeedHash<\/h3>\n
On-Chain Registration:<\/h3>\n
On-Chain Representation:<\/h3>\n
.pool<\/code> extension) within the owner’s State Domain on the GRIDNET OS Decentralized File System (DFS). This file can be queried by anyone to verify the pool’s parameters and current on-chain state (e.g., bank usage depths).<\/li>\nStructure:<\/h3>\n
2.3. Token Pool Banks (Dimensions)<\/h3>\n
Banks<\/h3>\n
Dimensions<\/h3>\n
\n
Independent Hash Chains:<\/h3>\n
Generating Hashes (Tokens):<\/h3>\n
Hash_i = Hash(Hash_{i-1})<\/code>, starting from the dimension seed hash.<\/li>\nCeiling Hashes (Final Hash):<\/h3>\n
Hash_N<\/code>) is called the ceiling or final hash. This value is<\/em> stored publicly as part of the M-DTP data on the DSM and acts as the verification anchor for the entire chain within that dimension.<\/li>\nTracking Usage Depth:<\/h3>\n
Hash_i<\/code> has been revealed and accepted on-chain. This is the primary mechanism preventing the same tokens (hashes) from being cashed out twice.<\/li>\nBank Status:<\/h3>\n
2.4. Hash Chains and Tokens<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/hash-chain.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
Tokens as Preimages (Hashes):<\/h3>\n
Releasing Tokens (Revealing Hashes):<\/h3>\n
Hash_i<\/code> requires knowledge of the original dimension seed hash (or a previously revealed Hash_{i-k}<\/code>). Due to the nature of hash functions, revealing Hash_i<\/code> automatically proves knowledge of (and implicitly reveals) all subsequent hashes Hash_{i+1}<\/code> through Hash_N<\/code> (the final hash).<\/li>\nValue Representation:<\/h3>\n
NumberOfRevealedHashes * ValuePerToken<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.5. MasterSeedHash<\/h3>\n
\n
The Single Secret:<\/h3>\n
Deriving Dimension Seeds:<\/h3>\n
Security Implications:<\/h3>\n
must be kept absolutely secret<\/h3>\n
2.6. Transmission Tokens (TTs)<\/h3>\n
Transmission Token (TT)<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/TT-anatomy.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
Purpose:<\/h3>\n
Structure:<\/h3>\n
CTransmissionToken<\/code> object in JS) contains:<\/p>\n\n
Revealed Hash<\/code>: The latest hash preimage being released in this transfer.<\/li>\nRevealed Hashes Count<\/code>: How many new<\/em> tokens this TT represents compared to the previously known state for this bank.<\/li>\nBank Index<\/code>: Identifies the specific dimension\/bank within the M-DTP.<\/li>\nBank Usage Depth<\/code>: The new, total depth reached in this bank after<\/em> releasing the tokens represented by this TT.<\/li>\nToken Pool ID<\/code>: Identifies the parent M-DTP.<\/li>\nValue<\/code>: The total GBU\/Atto value represented by this specific TT.<\/li>\n(Optional) Recipient ID<\/code>: Can specify the intended recipient.<\/li>\n(Optional) Signature<\/code>: A signature from the Token Pool owner authenticating the TT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\nAuthenticated vs. Unauthenticated TTs:<\/h3>\n
2.7. Transit Pools<\/h3>\n
Transit Pool<\/h3>\n
\n
Concept:<\/h3>\n
On-Chain Representation:<\/h3>\n
xTTEx<\/code> GridScript command. This single TT contains the final revealed hash and the total usage depth for that bank, implicitly representing the entire “transit pool” of value accumulated off-chain since the last settlement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.8. Cashing Out<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/gridnet.org\/wpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/cash-out.png\")
<\/p>\n\n
The Process:<\/h3>\n
CStateLessChannelsManager<\/code> autonomously) submits the latest valid Transmission Token for a specific bank\/pool to the DSM via an xTTEx<\/code> GridScript instruction, usually packaged within a standard on-chain transaction.<\/li>\nOn-Chain Verification:<\/h3>\n
\n
Token Pool ID<\/code> exists and the pool is Active<\/code>.<\/li>\nBank Index<\/code> is valid.<\/li>\nBank Usage Depth<\/code> in the TT is greater than the currently recorded depth for that bank (prevents replay\/double-spend).<\/li>\nRevealed Hash<\/code> for Revealed Hashes Count<\/code> times and checking if it matches the currently recorded final hash<\/em> for that bank state.<\/li>\nState Update:<\/h3>\n
Value<\/code> specified in the TT to the designated recipient’s on-chain account balance.<\/li>\nAssociated Costs:<\/h3>\n
xTTEx<\/code> command and the encompassing transaction incurs standard ERG costs on the DSM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2.9. StateLessChannel Object (
CStateLessChannel<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n
JavaScript Abstraction:<\/h3>\n
Relationship to On-Chain Data:<\/h3>\n
CStateLessChannel<\/code> instance is associated with a specific Token Pool ID<\/code>. It maintains a local cache (mTokenPool<\/code>) of the pool’s data, which needs to be periodically synchronized (synchronize()<\/code>) with the state stored on the DSM\/DFS.<\/li>\nIngress vs. Outgress:<\/h3>\n
\n
Ingress Channel:<\/h3>\n
Outgress Channel:<\/h3>\n
\n
3. Architecture and Interaction Flow<\/h3>\n
3.1. System Components Overview<\/h3>\n
\n